Shamarpa (lett. "Quello
(pa) dalla Corona (zhwa) Rossa (dmar)",
conosciuto anche come Shamar Rinpoche, è il capo del
lignaggio Shamarpa, il più importante tra i vari lignaggi della
scuola Karma Kagyü del Buddhismo tibetano, dopo quello dei Karmapa.
Storia
Il primo Shamarpa, Khedrup Drakpa Senge
(1283-1349), fu il discepolo principale del terzo Karmapa, Rangjung
Dorje. Rangjung Dorje diede al discepolo la corona rosso-rubino ed il
titolo di Shamarpa, stabilendo così, dopo quella del Karmapa stesso,
la seconda linea di Lama reincarnati del Buddhismo tibetano (tulku).
Questo fatto rappresentò il compimento della predizione del secondo
Karmapa, Karma Pakshi, che affermò "I futuri Karmapa si
manifesteranno in due forme". Quando il quarto Karmapa, Rolpe
Dorje, restituì la corona rossa al secondo Shamarpa, ricordò la
predizione di Karma Pakshi, affermando: "Tu sei una
manifestazione, io sono l'altra. Perciò, noi abbiamo in egual misura
la responsabilità di mantenere la continuità degli insegnamenti del
lignaggio Kagyu".
Il 14° Shamarpa fu Mipham Chokyi
Lodro, nato a Derge in Tibet nel 1952 e morto nel 2014 a Renchen in
Germania. All'età di quattro anni, egli venne riconosciuto come
Shamarpa da suo zio, il 16° Karmapa.
Dopo la morte del 16° Karmapa,
avvenuta nel 1981, il 27 settembre 1992 il Situ Rinpoche, la guida
spirituale dei Tai Situpa, terzo lignaggio più importante della
scuola Kagyu, ha nominato 17° Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje, mentre lo
Shamar Rinpoche, capo degli Shamarpa, in conflitto con il Tai Situpa,
ha investito della stessa carica Trinley Thaye Dorje il 17 marzo
1994. La controversia che si è creata, non si è tuttora risolta ed
ha generato divisioni in seno al buddhismo tibetano.
Shamarpa è considerato la
manifestazione del Buddha Amitabha. Tradizionalmente gli Shamarpa
vengono associati al monastero di Yangpachen, vicino a Lhasa.
Il Lignaggio degli Shamarpa
- Khedrup Drakpa Senge, (1284-1349)
- Shamar Khachö Wangpo, (1350-1405)
- Shamar Chöpal Yeshe, (1406-1452)
- Shamar Chokyi Drakpa Yeshe Pal Zangpo, (1453-1526)
- Shamar Köncho Yenlak,(1526-1583)
- Shamar Mipan Chökyi Wangchuk,(1584-1629)
- Shamar Yeshe Nyinpo, (1631-1694)
- Palchen Chökyi Döndrup, (1695-1732)
- Könchog Geway Yungnay,(1733-1741)
- Mipam Chödrup Gyamtso,(1742-1793)
- (sconosciuto, costretto all'anonimato dai reggenti dell'11° Dalai Lama, Khendrup Gyatso, che tentarono di sottomettere la scuola Kagyu alla scuola Gelugpa)
- Tugsay Jamyang Rinpoche
- (un bambino che sopravvisse solo un anno)
- Mipham Chokyi Lodro, (1952 - 2014) morto il giorno 11 giugno 2014
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