La genealogia del
Naha-te (in Giapponese)
Naha-te (那覇手
Okinawan: Nāfa-dī)
è un termine usato prima della Seconda guerra mondiale per indicare
il karate che si praticava nell'area intorno a Naha, l'antica città
commerciale del Regno delle Ryūkyū e oggi città capitale delle
isole di Okinawa. Si crede derivi dallo Shōrei ryū.
Nelle prime decadi del XX secolo, ci si
riferì alle arti marziali di Okinawa con il nome te, che
nella lingua giapponese significava "mano". Il Te
venne spesso accompagnato al nome di una città, per distinguere i
vari stili di te, e spesso la parola faceva da prefazione
all'area di origine, per esempio: Naha-te, Shuri-te, o
Tomari-te.
Il Naha-te si basava originariamente
sul sistema della Gru Bianca di Fujian della Cina meridionale, che
confluì ad Okinawa agli inizi del XIX secolo attraverso Kumemura
(Kuninda); il Naha-te nacque nell'allora sobborgo di Naha, e continuò
a svilupparsi ed evolversi fino ad essere formalizzato da Higaonna
Kanryō negli anni ottanta. L'Okinawa-te o più semplicemente Te,
detta anche Tode, si differenziò subito in tre stili, a seconda dei
luoghi di Okinawa in cui veniva praticato: il Naha-te (sul modello
del kung fu/gongfu della Cina meridionale), il Shuri-te e il
Tomari-te (entrambi sul modello del kung fu/gongfu della Cina
settentrionale).
Nei primi anni del XX secolo, furono
fondate diverse organizzazioni ufficiali di arti marziali okinawensi,
e grazie alla loro influenza la parola karate divenne
ampiamente accettata come un termine generico per qualsiasi tipo di
arte marziale okinawense senza armi. Con la popolarità del termine
karate, la pratica di nominare ogni tipo di arte marziale a partire
dalla sua area geografica di origine declinò. Dal Naha-te derivò
uno stile di karate: il Goju-ryu. Il termine Naha-te non è
più di uso corrente.
Importanti maestri okinawensi di Naha-te
- Isei Kogusuku
- Ranhō Maezato
- Seishō Arakaki
- Higaonna Kanryō
- Chōjun Miyagi
- Kyoda Jūhatsu
- Kenwa Mabuni
Kata importanti
- Sanchin
- Saifa
- Seienchin
- Seipai
- Seisan
- Shisochin
- Suparinpei
Stili di Naha-te
Ulteriori stili di Naha-te sono:- Gōjū-ryū,
- Tōon-ryū (sviluppato dagli studenti di Higaonna Kanryō),
- Kogusuku-ryū,
- Ryūei-ryū
ed altri ancora.
Al di fuori degli stili di Naha-te veri
e propri, ricordiamo che dalle arti marziali Naha-te e dal Kung Fu il
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